Conditional sentences

(grammar material,practice)

Compiled by V.Kiselyova

Conditional sentences I

( Условные предложения I типа )

Состоят из главного предложения и придаточного предложения условия.

Они выражают реальные условия,относящиеся к настоящему или будущему

времени.

Схемы условных предложений I типа

If … V 1(-S) … … will V 1 ... … . 1)

Придаточное услов. Главное

If I have time I will visit an exhibition.

(Pr.Simple) (Future Simple)

... will V (1) … … if … V 1(-S) … . 2)

Главноепридаточноеусловия

The children will get good marks if they write the test correctly.

(Future Simple) (Present Simple)

«если» - в условных предложениях (Present Simple )

If

«ли» - в косвенных общих вопросах (Future Simple )

Practice

I

1. If I … him I will invite him to join us.

a) will see b) see

2. We’ll be late unless we … .

a) will hurry b) hurry

3. If it … fine tomorrow,we’ll go for a picnic.

a) is b) will be

4. If I see him,I … him that book.

a) will give b) give

5. If he … all these apples,he will be ill.

a) eats b) will eat

6. If you … away,I’ll call my brother.

a) will not go b) do not go

7. If he … late,we’ll go without him.

a) will be b) is

8. If he … hard today,can he have a holiday next week?

a) works b) will work

9. If you … this magazine,I’ll bring you another.

a) will not like b) do not like

10. If he … university now,he will be sorry afterwards

a) leaves b) will leave

II 1. I’ll look for your book and if I (find) it I (give) you a ring.

    If you put the ice cubes into very hot water,they (crack).

    If he (win),he (get) 100,000 dollars;if he (come) in second,he (get) 50,ooo.

    If he (want) more money,he (have) to do more work.

    If you (not take) this book to the library tomorrow,you (have) to pay a fine.

    If you (like),I (get) you a job in this company.

    If the weather (be) good,we (go) to the country.

    I (tell) him the whole truth if I (know) it.

    If he (invite) me,I (go) to his party.

    If it (freeze) tonight,the roads (be) very slippery tomorrow.

III 1. We wonder if he (come) home on time.

    They ask if the boy (want) to join us.

    If the weather (be) fine tomorrow,we’ll go for a walk.

    I don’t know if she (come) to the party.

    The mother wants to know if her son (take) part in the concert.

    If it (rain) we (take) umbrellas.

    The teacher wonders if you (make) a report at the next lesson.

    The child (fall) ill if he (go) to bed too late every day.

IV Finish the sentences.

    If I go to the USA this summer,I will visit … .

    If I feel hungry this evening,I will eat … .

    If I have time next weekend,I shall go … .

    If I have to write a story for homework,I will write about … .

    If you come to my home,you will see … .

    If it is cold tomorrow,I will put on … .

    If we finish early today … .

    If I quarrel with my parents … .

    If I lose my keys … .

    If we get too much homework … .

    If my fried gets into trouble … .

    I’ll eat my hat if … .

    We will be very happy if … .

    I will be angry with my friend if … .

    Will you help me if … ?

V Make up sentences.

If I go to …,I’ll see (visit)… .

You’ll see …,if you travel (go) to … .

Tests

I 1. If you go to the party you (enjoy) every minute of it.

2. My friend (get) the first place if he (take) part in the competition.

3. Она приготовит очень вкусный обед,если придут друзья.

II 1. I will come home late if I (stay) to make a wall newspaper.

    The students (attend) the lecture if it (be) interesting.

    Если мои родители достанут билеты,они пойдут вечером в

театр.

III 1. If my friend (come) to see me,I will be very glad.

    If mother buys a cake,we (have) a very nice tea party.

IV 1. If you (be) free,I shall come to see you.

    If she knows English,she (try) to enter the university.

    If I (live) in Moscow,I (visit) the Tretyakov Gallery.

Live in the South go to bed at once

Come home late bathe every day

If I receive his letter I will be very sorry

Find my book be very glad

Lose my money be very happy

See my friend ask his advice

VI 1. If it snows,we … at home.

A) stay b) will stay

2. If she gives him her address,he … her a letter.

A) will write b) writes

VIII 1. We (drink) tea,if we (have no) coffee.

    My friend (go) to the USA,if he (win) the competition.

Poem

Will You Come?

Will you come? Would you come?

Will you come? Would you come

Will you ride If the noon

So late Gave light,

At my side? Not the moon?

O,will you come? Beautiful,would you come?

Will you come? Would you have come?

Will you come Would you have come

If the night Without scorning,

Has a moon Had it been

Full and bright? Still morning?

O,will you come? Beloved,would you have come?

If you come,

Haste and come.

Owls have cried;

It grows dark

To ride.

Beloved,beautiful,come!

Edward Thomas

Conditional sentences II

(Условные предложения II типа)

Выражают маловероятные и нереальные условия,относящиеся к настоящему

или будущему времени.

Схемы условных предложений II типа

1) If … V 2 … … would V 1 … … .

Придаточное главное

If we visited the Tretyakov Gallery we would see paintings of famous artists.

Придаточное главное

2) … would V 1 … … if … V 2 … … .

Главноепридаточное

They would speak English fluently if they learned the words.

Future-in-the Past Past Simple

Главное придаточное

В придаточных предложениях – was were - для всех лиц и чисел

If I were you I would not make such a mistake.

«если бы» - в условных предложениях (Past Simple )

If

«ли» - в косвенных вопросах (Future-in-the Past)

Practice

Insert the verbs in the correct form.

    If I had a spare ticket,I … take you to the cinema.

a) would b) will

2. John suggested that I should … for another job.

A) look b) have looked

3. If she … you,she would be able to advise you.

A) had been b) were

4. We were afraid lest he should … too early.

A) have come b) come

5. She would buy a new fur coat if her husband … enough money.

A) would give b) gave

6. If the students attended all the lectures,they … their exams successfully.

A) would pass b) passed

7. If I were you I … him.

A) would not forgive b) did not forgive

8. I would help the poor if I … very rich.

A) would be b) were

9. If I were a doctor,I … people healthy.

A) made b) would make

10. They … to the country if the weather were better.

A) would go b) went

II 1. If I (know) his name,I’d give it to you.

    He (look) a lot better if he did more esercise.

    If he worked more carefully,he (not make) so many mistakes.

    I wouldn’t do that if I (be) you.

    More tourists would come to this seaside if it (have) better climate.

    If someone (give) you a submarine,what would you do with it?

    If you (not belong) to a union,you couldn’t get a job.

    If I (win) a big prize in a lottery,I’d give up my job.

    He might get fat if he (go on) eating like that.

    If he knew that it was dangerous,he (not come).

III 1. If you (go) on a diet,you (lose) weight.

    If we (work) all night,we (finish) in time.

    If I see a tiger walking across Hyde Park,I (climb) a tree.

    If you (keep) a cat,the mice (not run) about everywhere.

    If it (be) summer,the people (not sit) round that big fire.

    If you (paint) the walls white,the room (be) much bigger.

    If he (take) any exercise,he (not be) so unhealthy.

    If they (speak) English to her,her English (improve).

    If I (ask) him for help,he (help) me.

    If I (know) his address,I (can) write to him.

IV Finish the sentences.

    If you ate less … .

    If she practiced more … .

    You would look better if … .

    If you came in time … .

    If you didn’t shake the camera so much,your photographs … .

    If I could live anywhere I wanted,I would live … .

    If I had a museum,I would collect … .

    If we were all geniuses … .

    If you came to visit me … .

    I would stand on my head if … .

    I would go to the Canary Isles if … .

V Make “Chains of events”.

1. (Boys) – If I won a car in a lottery … .

2. (Girls) – If I won the title of “Miss Universe” … .

Poem

Quiet Girl

I would liken you

To a night without stars.

Were it not for your eyes.

I would liken you

To a sleep without dreams

Were it not for your songs.

Langston Hughes

Conditional sentences III

( Условные предложения III типа)

Выражают совершенно невыполнимые условия ,не реализованные в прошлом.

Схемы условных предложений III типа

1) If … had V 3 … … would have V 3 … … .

Придаточное главное

(Past Perfect) (Future Perfect)

If you had known grammar better your composition would have been a success.

2) … would have V 3 … … if … had V 3 … … .

Главноепридаточное

The children would have travelled to England if the tickets had been free.

If «если бы»

I Match the parts of the sentences.

1. I would have bought a new coat if a)she would not have waited

2. He would have given her diamonds if for him so long.

3. Her life mighthave been saved if b)everything would have been

4. If he had taken my advice all right.

5. If you have checked the petrol before we started c)only I had had enough

6. If she had not loved him money.

D)he had stolen them from the

Museum.

E)the doctors had taken better

Care of her.

F)we would not have made so

Many stops.

II Insert the verbs in the correct form.

    If I had known that you were in hospital,I … you.

a) would have visited b) had visited

2. If you … ten minutes earlier,you would have got a seat.

a) would have arrived b) had arrived

3. I wouldn’t have believed it if I … it with my own eyes.

a) had not seen b) would not have seen

4. If I … that you were coming,I’d baked a cake.

a) would have known b) had known

5. If I … what a bad driver you were,I wouldn’t have gone with you.

a) had realized b) would have realized

6. If he had known that the river was dangerous,he … to swim across it.

a) would not have tried b) had not tried

7. If you … more slowly,he might have understood you.

a) had spoken b) would have spoken

8. If he had known the whole story,he … so angry.

a) would not have been b) had not been

9. If I … again,I think that I would have succeeded.

a) would have tried b) had tried

10. If I … ready when he called,he would have taken me with him.

a) would have been b) had been

III 1. If there (be) any snow round there,we (go) skiing.

    If my friend (know) my address,he (find) my house.

    If I (receive) your letter,I (answer) it.

    If he (give up) smoking,he (look) better.

    If we (invite) them,they (come) to our party.

    If I (know) they need me,I (come) at once.

    If we (learn) the truth,she (be) very angry.

    If he (study) more,he (pass) his exam easily.

    If the story hadn’t been true,the newspaper (not print) it.

    We (go) by air if we (have) enough money.

IV Make “Chains of events”.

    If Cinderella hadn’t met a Fairy … … .

    If Prince Gvidon and his mother hadn’t been thrown into the ocean in the

barrel … … .

    If tsar Dadon hadn’t taken the golden cock from the wise old man … … .

Tests

Variant 1

    What … you … if your car was broken?

A) will … do; B) would … do

b) All the students … the lesson if the teacher explains it again.

A) will understand; B) would understand

c) If you paid more attention to grammar,you … the composition better.

A) will write; B) would write

d) If you found a purse in the street,you … it to the police.

A) will take; B) would take

e) My parents … upset,if I lose my key.

A) will be; B) would be

f) You … a good time if you stayed at a hotel.

A) will have; B) would have

g) We … to the theatre if Peter wasn’t well.

h) If the weather was bad,we … out.

A) would not go; B) would not have gone

i) If he had stopped the bus,the accident … .

A) would happen; B) would have happened

j) I would have gone out if my mother … at home.

A) wasn’t; B) had been

k) If I … George,I would have invited him to the party.

A) knew; B) had known

l) If youhad done that,you … all right.

A) would have been; B) would be

    Translate into English.

    Я пришёл бы к вам вчера,если бы вы позвонили мне.

    На вашем месте я попытался бы поехать в 3 часа.

Variant 2

    Choose the right form of the verb.

    What … he … if he won a million dollars?

A) will … do; B) would do

b) If they catch the train,they … in time.

A) will arrive; B) would arrive

c) If you took more exercise,you … better.

A) will feel; B) would feel

d) If it stopped raining,they … shopping.

A) will go; B) would go

e) If I didn’t pass my exam,I … on vacation.

A) will not go; B) would not go

f) I … very angry,if you did not come to my birthday.

A) will feel; B) would feel

g) If I had known it,I … to meet them.

A) would go; B) would have gone

h) If the bloue matched the shirt,she … it.

A) would buy; B) would have bought

i) If you didn’t wear a warm coat,you … cold.

A) would be; B) would have been

j) He would have been late for his job if he … the train.

A) had missed; B) missed

k) If you … that,you would be poisoned.

A) drank; B) had drunk

l) If the weather … warmer they would have enjoyed the picnic.

A) had been; B) was

    Translate into English.

    Я бы ему написал,если бы вчера узнал его адрес.

    Если бы я поехал в Атланту,я бы посетил Музей «Кока-колы».

Ключи к тесту:

B d) B g) A j) B

A e) A h) A k) B

B f) B i) B l) A

a) B d) B g) B j) A

b) A e) B h) A k) A

C) B f) B i) A l) A

Задание 2

Задание 2

а ) I would have come to you

yesterday,if you had called me.

b) If I were you,I would try to

go at 3 o’clock.

a) I would have written him,if

I had known his address yester-

day.

b) If I went to Atlanta,I would

visit Coca-cola museum.

Short tests (5-10 minutes)

Conditionals II

Put the verbs in the right form.

    If he (not read) so much,he would not be so clever.

    If you were not so careless about your health,you (consult) the doctor.

    My father (have) more free time if he (not read) so many newspapers.

    If she (not be) so absent-minded,she would be a much better student.

    If you were a poet,you (write) beautiful poems.

    If you (ring) me up,I (tell) you a secret.

Conditionals III

    If I had met you yesterday I (tell) you something.

    I (get) a good mark if I had learned my lessons.

    If I (read) this new book I (find) out all about this discovery.

    If she (not help) me,I should have been in a very tough situation.

    He (meet) his friend if he had come to our house yesterday.

    If you (let) me know yesterday,I (bring) you my book.

Open the brackets and write each sentence in the I,II and III types of Conditionals.

    If you (be) free,I (come) to see you.

    If I (see) her,I (be) glad.

    If we (receive) a telegram from him,we (not worry).

    If you (be) busy,I (wait).

Conditionals of the I,II,III types.

Open the brackets and write each sentence in the I,II,III types of Conditionals.

    If you (come) on time,we (catch) the train.

    If the team (win) the match,it (be) a champion.

Make up the sentences.

At home go to bed at once.

If I am a poet I would got that book.

In the South be very sorry.

If I (were) come home late bathe every day.

Gone to the library I will gone to the theatre.

Fall ill been pleased.

If I had (been) had a ticket yesterday I would have write nice poems.

Met you yesterday have a good time.

Lose my money go to the doctor

Translate .

Если погода была бы(будет)хорошая,мы бы играли(будем) играть в футбол.

1. Завершите УП, определив их тип по форме глагола в первой части предложений.

Например: If the film is boring we … (leave) at once. (Если фильм будет скучным, мы сразу же уйдем.) – If the film is boring we will leave at once.

She would look much younger if she … (be) slim. (Она бы выглядела намного моложе, если бы была стройной.) – She would look much younger if she were slim.

1. If the flight is delayed our guests … (be) late. (Если рейс задержат, наши гости опоздают.)

2. We would have gone to the beach if the rain … (stop). (Мы бы сходили на пляж, если бы дождь прекратился.)

3. They will miss the train if they … (not run.) (Они опоздают на поезд, если не побегут.)

4. If you had given her the letter she … (tear) it to pieces. (Если бы ты дал ей письмо, она бы разорвала его на кусочки.)

5. If Jack moves too slowly he … (not win) the game. (Если Джек будет двигаться слишком медленно, он не победит в игре.)

6. If I lost my job I … (move) to the country. (Если бы я потеряла работу, я бы переехала в сельскую местность.)

7. She would invite our kids if they … (behave) themselves. (Она бы пригласила наших детей, если бы они вели себя хорошо.)

8. If Tom were more careful he … (not break) things. (Если бы Том был более внимательным, он бы не ломал вещи.)

9. If she had had a car she … (drive) there. (Если бы у нее была машина, она бы туда доехала.)

10. You wouldn’t have got wet if you … (put on) your mackintosh. (Ты бы не промок, если бы надел плащ.)

2. Составьте список того, о чем мечтает маленький Джонни, используя II тип условных предложений. Переведите получившиеся предложения.

Например: If I had much money I would buy a sports car. (Если бы у меня было много денег, я бы купил спортивную машину.)

If I had much money … …make a strawberry cake.

If I were tall … …buy a sports car .

If I knew French well … …save people.

If I could cook … …play basketball.

If I had a bunch of flowers … …move to Canada.

If I were a fireman … …give it to Alice.

3. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в необходимую форму, обращая внимание на тип условных предложений.

0 тип

1. When my sister … (come) to town we … (go) to the cinema together. (Когда моя сестра приезжает в город, мы ходим вместе в кино.)

2. If my kids … (run) in the playground they … (become) very thirsty. (Если мои дети бегают на игровой площадке, они очень хотят пить.)

I тип

1. If it … (cost) too much I … (not take) it. (Если он стоит слишком много, я не возьму его.)

2. She … (be) angry if you … (lose) this photo. (Она разозлится, если ты потеряешь эту фотографию.)

3. If you … (not eat up) the bread we … (feed) the birds in the garden. (Если вы не съедите хлеб, мы покормим птиц в саду.)

II тип

1. If I … (have) free time now I … (watch) my favourite film. (Если бы у меня было свободное время сейчас, я бы посмотрел любимый фильм.)

2. If I … (be) you I … (not eat) fast food. (На твоем месте я бы не ел фаст фуд.)

3. His job … (be) so hard if he … (not have) a secretary. (Его работа была бы такой тяжелой, если бы у него не было секретаря.)

III тип

1. If you … (not smoke) so much you … (not be) in hospital now. (Если бы ты не курил столько, ты бы сейчас не лежал в больнице.)

2. If we … (meet) him yesterday we … (call) you. (Если бы мы встретили его вчера, мы бы позвонили тебе.)

Ответы:

1. will be
2. had stopped
3. don’t run
4. would have torn
5. won’t win (will not win)
6. would move
7. behaved
8. wouldn’t break
9. would have driven
10. had put on

If I were tall I would play basketball. (Если бы я был высоким, я бы играл в баскетбол.)
If I knew French well I would move to Canada. (Если бы я знал французский хорошо, я бы переехал в Канаду.)
If I could cook I would make a strawberry cake. (Если бы я мог готовить, я бы сделал клубничный торт.)
If I had a bunch of flowers I would give it to Alice. (Если бы у меня был букет цветов, я бы подарил его Алисе.)
If I were a fireman I would save people. (Если бы я был пожарным, я бы спасал людей.)

0 тип
1. comes – go
2. run – become
I тип
1. costs – will not take (won’t take)
2. will be – lose
3. don’t eat up – will feed
II тип
1. had – would watch
2. were – wouldn’t eat
3. would be – didn’t have
III тип
1. hadn’t smoked – wouldn’t have been
2. had met – would have called














































Назад Вперёд

Внимание! Предварительный просмотр слайдов используется исключительно в ознакомительных целях и может не давать представления о всех возможностях презентации. Если вас заинтересовала данная работа, пожалуйста, загрузите полную версию.

На пути изучения английского языка учащихся подстерегает много трудностей, и одним из сложных моментов считаются условные предложения.
Данная методическая разработка представляет собой справочный материал с упражнениями по теме «Условные предложения». Мы предлагаем теоретический материал, тщательно отобранный для учащихся школ, и практические задания по каждому типу условных предложений. Чтобы обучение было более эффективным, рекомендуем использовать интерактивный цифровой образовательный ресурс (презентация). Информация размещена таким образом, что учителю легко в ней ориентироваться. Презентация снабжена гиперссылками и интерактивными упражнениями, которые сделают обучение более продуктивным и интересным. Выполняя упражнения, учащиеся могут проверить правильность своих ответов. Правильный ответ появляется нажатием левой кнопкой мыши (по щелчку). Данная методическая разработка может использоваться на разных уровнях обучения, как отдельными блоками, так и полностью. Учитель сам может выбрать материал и упражнения для урока. Возможно использование данной разработки для подготовки к ЕГЭ, олимпиадам и другим различным конкурсам по английскому языку.

Условные предложения – это сложноподчиненные предложения, в которых в придаточном предложении называется условие, а в главном предложении – следствие, результат этого условия. И условие, и следствие могут относится к настоящему, прошедшему и будущему. Придаточные предложения условия чаще всего вводятся союзом if если . В отличие от русского языка, запятая в сложноподчиненном предложении ставится только в случае, если придаточное предложение находится перед главным, и то это правило не всегда соблюдается.
Обычно условные предложения делят на три типа в зависимости от того, насколько вероятно событие, о котором идет речь. Эти три типа – основные, а на самом деле их больше.

НУЛЕВОЙ ТИП (ZERO CONDITIONAL)

Речь в таких предложениях идет не об одной конкретной ситуации, а о чем-то, что верно всегда – такая «универсальная правда».
If we heat water it boils. – Если мы нагреем воду, она закипит.
В обеих частях предложения употребляется Present Simple.


If + Present Simple + Present Simple

If you heat ice, it melts.
В условных предложениях нулевого типа союз if может заменяться союзом when :
When I am late, my father takes me to school.
Когда я опаздываю, то отец отвозит меня в школу.
When he comes to town, we have dinner together.
Когда он приезжает в город, мы вместе ужинаем.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ:

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1) If I am late for work, my chief is angry.
2) A person doesn"t eat meat if he/she is a vegetarian.
3) If I get up early, my father drives me to school.
4) Everything is wet if it rains.

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1) Еслиты хочешь хорошую работу, ты должен хорошо учиться.
2) Ты не должен много есть, если хочешь похудеть.
3) Если хранить кофе в морозильнике, то аромат сохраняется дольше.
4) Собака радуется, когда видит хозяина

I ТИП (THE FIRST TYPE OF CONDITIONALS)

Первый тип условных предложений называется реальным, т.к. выполнение условий в этих предложениях вполне осуществимо.
Несмотря на русский перевод, условная часть предложения выражается толькопри помощи Настоящего времени (обычно Present Simple ). А в основной части используется будущее время.

Схема предложения строится следующим образом:

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Present Simple + shall/will + Infinitive

If you finish your homework, we shall go to the cinema.
В русском переводе обе части предложения будут находиться в будущем времени.
Еслитызакончишь домашнюю работу, мы пойдем в кино.
Помимо if , употребляются такие слова и фразы, как: when , as soon as (как только), before , until .
When she reads the letter, she will become nervous.
As soon as you are ready, I"ll drive you home.
Также в условных предложениях используется союз unless (если только не/ разве только не), который можно заменить на if + not (отрицание). После союза unless глагол-сказуемое ставится в утвердительной форме, поскольку союз unless уже заключает в себе отрицание.
She will forget about it unless we remind her.
Она забудет про это, если только мы ей не напомним.
She will forget about it if we don"t remind her.
Придаточное предложение, которое обычно начинается со слова if , может стоять как в начале условного предложения (перед главным предложением), так и в конце. Если оно стоит в начале, то после него ставится запятая. Если же оно стоит в конце, то перед ним запятая не ставится.
If you leave now, you"ll catch the train.
You"ll catch the train if you leave now.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ:
USE THE REQUIRED FORM:

1. If it______, we won"t go to the park.

a) will rain
b) rains
c) will not rain
d) doesn’t rain

2. You won"t pass the exam,______ you work hard.

a) if
b) when
c) unless
d) as soon as

3.When we_____ ready, I’ll call you.

a) shall be
b) are

4. You will pay back, as soon as you_____ a new job.

a) find
b) will find

5. I will see you when you______ in Moscow next time.

a) are
b) will be

6. What will you do, when you______ out the truth?

a) will find out
b) have find out
c) find out

COMPLETE THE SENTENCES, PUTTING THE VERBS INTO THE CORRECT FORM:

1. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.
2. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.
3. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.
4. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.
5. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.
6. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea part

TRANSLATE INTO ENGLISH:

1. Если ты закончишь домашнюю работу вовремя, мы пойдем в кино.
2. Матч отменят, если пойдет дождь.
3. Ты опоздаешь, если не поторопишься.
4. Я куплю машину, если мне повысят зарплату.
5. Если ты опоздаешь, позвони мне пожалуйста.
6. Если я увижу её, я передам ей от тебя привет.

II ТИП (THE SECOND TYPE OF CONDITIONALS)

Условные предложения второго типа в английском языкеописывают события настоящего и будущего времени. Ситуации, описанные в таких предложениях, нереальны (невозможны, невероятны, воображаемы). Такие предложения имеют невозможный, гипотетический оттенок. Обратите внимание, что на русский язык данные предложения переводятся в сослагательном наклонении, с частицей "бы".
If it rained, you would stay at home.
Если бы пошел дождь, ты бы остался дома.

Схема предложения строится следующим образом:

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Simple Past + would + Infinitive

Союз If

Условие

Результат

Определенность

If (Если) If you were more serious about your work
Если бы ты относился к своей работе серьезно 		you could finish it in time.
ты бы смог закончить ее вовремя. 		could в значении "суметь". Результат указывает на возможность
If (Если) If they were late again,
Если бы они опоздали, 		I would not let them in.
я бы не позволила им войти. 		would
Говорящий уверен в результате
If (Если If you requested them more politely,
Если бы ты обратился к ним вежливее 		They might help you.
они, возможно , помогли бы тебе. 		might в значении "может быть", "возможно"

ВАЖНО ЗАПОМНИТЬ:

1. Чтобы придать просьбе или предложению больший оттенок вежливости, используются условные предложения второго типа.
It would be nice if she helped me.
Будет хорошо, если она мне поможет. (Более вежливая просьба – условное предложение второго типа.)
2. Глагол to be в прошедшем времени всегда будет were и никогда - was !
If he were here, he would help us.
Если бы он был здесь, он бы помог нам.
If I were you, I would drive more carefully in the rain. – Если бы я был на твоем месте, я бы вел машину аккуратнее во время дождя (но я не на твоем месте).

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ:

If he arrived, I would tell her the story.
If I saw her, I would go on vacation.
If I finished the work this week, I would plant the vegetables.
If it rained next week, he would hear the news.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM:

1.If you spoke a foreign language, you_____ a better job.
a)could get b) can get c) have got
2. If I _____ the time, I would go to the beach this weekend.
a) have had b) had c) was
3.If I had a lot of money, I _______ round the world.
a)would travel b) did travel c) can travel
4. If I ______ you, I would drive more carefully in the rain.
a) was b) have been c) were

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1.Если бы он закончил свой проект, он бы принял участие в конференции.
2.На вашем месте я бы посетил пожилую даму.
3.Что бы ты сделал, если бы ты выиграл приз?
4.Я бы согласилась, если бы меня пригласили путешествовать по миру.

III ТИП (THE THIRD TYPE OF CONDITIONALS)

Условные предложения III типа выражают нереальные условия, так как речь в них идет
о событиях, которые уже произошли или не произошли в прошлом. Употребляется эта модель тогда, когда нужно сообщить об упущенной возможности. На русский язык
переводятся сослагательным наклонением (формой прошедшего времени с частицей бы ).
If I had been free yesterday, I would have joined you.
Если бы я был свободен вчера, я бы присоединился к вам.

Схема предложения строится следующим образом:

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Past Perfect + would
сould + have + Participle II
should
might

Союз If

Условие

Результат

Определенность

If (Если) If you had known you would have assisted in it solving (ты бы оказал помощь в еерешении) Несмотря на то, что это не случилось, говорящий уверен в результате
If (Если) If you had known you could have assisted
If (Если) If you had known about this problem (бы ты знал об этой проблеме) you might have assisted in it solving (ты бы мог оказать помощь в ее решении) Несмотря на то, что это не случилось, результат указывает только на возможность
If (Если) If you had known about this problem (бы ты знал об этой проблеме) you should have assisted in it solving (тебе бы следовало оказать помощь в ее решении) Хотя это не случилось, результат содержит хорошее решение или совет.

ВАЖНО ЗАПОМНИТЬ:

1. Как и в других условных предложениях, условная часть может идти перед основной и наоборот.
If they had finished work on time they would have already gone for a walk.
Если бы они закончили работу вовремя, то уже ушли бы на прогулку.
2. Условная часть предложения может содержать инверсию для выражения эмоциональности.
Had I known about it beforehand I wouldn"t have made such a terrible mistake!
Знал бы я об этом заранее, то не совершил бы такой ужасной ошибки!
3. Общие и специальные вопросы образуются аналитическим способом, то есть путем перестановки членов предложения.
Would we have arrived on time if we hadn"t missed the train?
Where would you have lived if you had found your relatives?

COULD и MIGHT в условных предложениях:

Модальные глаголы COULD и MIGHT часто употребляются в главном предложении условных предложений, а COULD иногда употребляется в придаточном предложении с нереальным условием. Отметьте, что MAY обычно не употребляется в условных предложениях с нереальным условием
If we had left before five, we could have caught the six o"clock train. (We didn"t leave before five, and we didn"t catch the six o"clock train.)
Если бы мы выехали до пяти, мы могли бы успеть на шестичасовой поезд. (Мы не выехали до пяти, и мы не успели на шестичасовой поезд.)
If he hadn"t met Maria, he might have remained a bachelor.
Если бы он не встретил Марию, он мог бы остаться холостяком.

BUT FOR и IF NOT FOR

Иногда придаточное нереального условия заменятся конструкцией BUT FOR (или IF NOT FOR) + существительное или местоимение. Такие конструкции могут употребляться в ситуациях, относящихся к прошлому или настоящему.
But for the children, they would have divorced years ago. – If it hadn"t been for the children, they would have divorced years ago.
Если бы не дети, они бы давно развелись. – Если бы не дети, они бы давно развелись.
If not for her, he would never have become such a good doctor. – If it hadn"t been for her, he would never have become such a good doctor. – Если бы не она, он никогда не стал бы таким хорошим врачом. – Если бы не она, он никогда не стал бы таким хорошим врачом.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ:
MATCH THE PARTS OF THE SENTENCES:

If I had learned English before, I would have joined you.
If Jim had driven the car yesterday, you would have passed the exam well.
If you had studied properly, I could have found a good job long ago.
If I had been free yesterday, he might have met with an accident.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM:

1. I wouldn"t have come to the party yesterday if I ________ invited there.
a) was b) hadn’t been с) wasn’t
2. Would they _________us if we had lost all our luggage?
a) had helped b) help c) have helped
3. If she hadn’t put on a short dress she wouldn’t _______ such attention.
a) attract b) have attracted c) attracted
4. If you ________me up, I should have told you something.
a) rang b) have rung c) had rung

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1.Если бы ты не забыл на работе ключ, ты бы открыл дверь.
2.Он бы не женился на ней, если бы она не готовила так замечательно.
3.Ты бы понял материал вчерашнего урока гораздо лучше, если бы читал медленнее.
4.Конференция бы провалилась, если бы Петерсон не сделал такой замечательный доклад.
5.Я бы, возможно, ответил Вам раньше, если бы я владел точной информацией по этому вопросу.
6.Мы бы не поехали на этот курорт, если бы дети не попросили.

СМЕШАННЫЙ ТИП (MIXED CONDITIOALS)

Могут быть случаи, в которых одна часть предложения относится к настоящему или будущему, а другая часть относится к прошлому. Такие конструкции называют смешанным типомусловныхпредложений. Предложения смешанного типа как бы "склеены" из условных предложений второго и третьего типов.
If you were more attentive, you would have passed the exam yesterday.
Если бы ты был более внимательным, то сдал бы вчера этот экзамен.

Схема предложения строится следующим образом:

CONDITIONAL CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
If + Past Simple (II тип) + would+have+Participle II (III тип)
If + Past Perfect (III тип) + would+инфинитив (II тип)

If you were more attentive, you would have passed the exam yesterday.
If you had taken the medicine, you would feel much better now.

Союз If

Условие

Результат

Определенность

If (Если) If you were more attentive, (Если бы ты был более внимательным) you would have passed the exam yesterday. (то сдал бы вчера этот экзамен.) Если бы ты вообще (вчера, сегодня, завтра) был "более внимательным" – мало вероятное, но все же реальное условие (второй тип), то вчера (которое уже не вернешь), ты бы сдал этот экзамен – нереальное следствие условия, относящееся к прошлому.
If (Если) If you had taken the medicine in the morning, (Если бы ты принял лекарство утром ,) you would feel much better now. (то сейчас бы чувствовал себя гораздо лучше.) Утро уже окончилось, поэтому это уже нереальное условие, относящееся к прошлому. (третий тип). "Ты сейчас чувствовал бы себя гораздо лучше" – вполне реальное следствие поставленного условия, относящееся к текущему моменту.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ:
MATCH THE PARTS OF THE SENTENCES:

If I had accepted that job, I would be a millionaire now.
If I had married him, I would have invited them to lunch.
If I were a good cook, I would live happy now.
If I didn"t love him, I wouldn"t have married him.

CHOOSE THE CORRECT FORM:

1. If you were always near I _________ in the forest.
a) wouldn’t get lost b) didn’t get lost с) wouldn’t have got lost
2. You would get a better mark today if you _______over the material yesterday.
a) had looked b) have looked с) looked
3. If you hadn"t wasted your time on computer games you ________the final exam.
a) wouldn’t have failed b) wouldn’t fail c) have failed
4. If I knew her well I ___________ her invitation.
a) have accepted b) had accepted c) would have accepted

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1.Если бы я не любила его, я бы не вышла за него замуж.
2. Если бы меня пригласили, я бы пришел.
3. Если бы я хорошо готовил, я бы пригласил их на обед.
4. Если бы я знал английский, я бы нашел лучшую работу.
5. Если бы ты был более внимательным, то сдал бы вчера этот экзамен.

ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ С «I WISH»

Предложения с “I wish”спользуются для выражения сожаления, разочарования, грусти, когда что-то столь желаемое не получается или не получилось ранее. Они имеют много общего с условными предложениями. Для этого в них присутствует слово wish (жалко, что не).
I wish I knew what to do about the problem. – Жаль, что я не знаю, что делать с этой проблемой (и я сожалею).
В английском языке предложения с “I wish” могут быть трех типов:
Речь идёт о настоящем времени. Такая фраза – выражение сожаления о настоящем.
Речь идёт о прошедшем времени. Такая фраза – выражение сожаления о прошлом.
мы желаем, чтобы что-то произошло в будущем, сожалеем настоящем.

Схема предложения строится следующим образом:

wish + Past Simple / Past Continuous
wish + Past Perfect
wish + Would + Infinitive
I wish I knew the answer.
I wish you hadn’t been so rude to my parents yesterday.
I wish you wouldstopplaying computer games and spend some time with me!

Тип Пояснение Пример Перевод
wish + Past Simple / Past Continuous Жалеем о чем-либо в настоящем, но
изменить не можем 		I wish I lived in France. Как жаль, что я не живу во Франции.
wish + Past Perfect Жалеем о прошлом. I wish I had listened to my parents when I was a teenager. Жаль, что я не слушался родителей будучи подростком.
wish + Would Выражаем свое недовольство текущим
положеним дел 		I wish you would call your Granny more often. Было бы неплохо, если бы ты звонил бабуле чаще.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ:
TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1. I wish I knew the answer.
2. I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow.
3. I wish you hadn’t been so rude to my parents yesterday.
4. I wish you had told me about your plans in advance.
5. I wish we would go with you!
6. I wish you would stop playing computer games and spend some time with me!

TRANSLATE THE SENTENCES:

1. Жаль, что я не знаю, что делать с этой проблемой (и я сожалею).
2. Жаль, что ты должен идти.
3. Жаль, что я это сказал.
4. Жаль, что я не учился усердно в школе.
5. Жаль, что я не говорю по-итальянски.
6. Жаль, что я не взял фотоаппарат.

Например. If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

If you are free, I shall come to see you.

If you were free, I should come to see you.

If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

If I see her, I shall be glad.

If I saw her, I should be glad.

If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systemat­ically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Mos­cow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmon­ic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Answers: 1.1)If you are busy, I shall leave you alone. 2) If you were busy, I should leave you alone. 3)If you had been busy, I should have left you alone. 2. 1) If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad. — Если друг придет, я буду рад. 2) If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл, я был бы рад. (мечта) 3) If my friend had come to see me, I should have been very glad. — Если бы друг пришёл (но он не пришел), я был бы рад. (сожаление) 3. 1) If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party. 2) If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party. 3) If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party. 4. 1) If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry. 2) If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry. 3)If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried. 5. 1)If you don’t work systematically, you will fail the exam. 2) If you did not work systematically, you would fail the exam. 3)If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed the exam. 6. 1)If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 2) If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 3) If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. 1) If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic. 2) If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic. 3) If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic. 8. 1) If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mushrooms. 2) If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot of mushrooms. 3) If I had lived near a wood, I should have gathered a lot of mushrooms. 9. 1) If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together. 2) If my father returned early, we should watch TV together. 3) If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together. 10. 1) If she knows English, she will try to enter the university. 2) If she knew English, she would try to enter the university. 3) If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Exercise 2. Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия: a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему (II тип); b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mis­take. 3. If he doesn’t come in time, shall we have to wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don’t come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don’t ring him up?

Answers: 1.1)I were not too busy, I should go to the concert.2) If I had not been too busy, I should have gone to the concert. 2. 1) They would all be surprised if I made such a mistake. 2)They would all have been very surprised if I had made such a mistake. 3. 1)If he didn’t come in time, should we have to wait for him? 2) If he hadn’t come in time, should we have had to wait for him? 4. 1) If no one came to help, we should be obliged to do the work ourselves. 2) If no one had come to help, we should have been obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. 1)If you put on your glasses, you would see better. 2)f you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better. 6. 1)What should we do if they were late? 2) What should we have done if they had been late? 7. 1)Would you be very angry if we didn’t come? 2) Would you have been very angry if we hadn’t come? 8. 1)Would he be very displeased if I didn’t ring him up? 2) Would he have been very displeased if I hadn’t rung him up?

Exercise 3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу­ющейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so care­less about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the compo­sition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Answers: 1. He would not have. 2. You give. 3. She were not. 4. We shall spend. 5. They had not gone. 6. You don’t get. 7. You would consult. 8. I had. 9. It rains. 10. He had worked. 11. I shall not put. 12. I should have written. 13. He did not read. 14. My friend is.

Exercise 4. Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If … 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If … 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If … 4. He speaks En­glish badly: he has no practice. If … 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that’s why I did not come to see you. If … 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that’s why it struck a rock. If … 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If … 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If … 9. The sea is rough, and we can­not sail to the island. If … 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If … 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If … 12. I was expect­ing my friend to come, that’s why I could not go to the cinema with you. If … 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If … 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dic­tionary. If … 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If … 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That’s why I took a taxi. If …

Answers: 1. If he were not busy, he would come to see us. 2. If the girl had studied well last year, she would not have received bad marks. 3. If he had not broken his bicycle, he would have gone to the country. 4. If he had (more) practice, he would speak English better. 5. If I had not had a bad headache yesterday, I should have come to see you. 6. If the ship had not sailed near the coast, it would not have struck a rock. 7. If he had been in town, he would have been present at our meeting. 8. If the pavement had not been so slippery, I should not have fallen and hurt my leg. 9. If the sea were not (so) rough, we should (could) sail to the island. 10. If they had not made a fire, the wolves would not have run away. 11. If it were not late, I should not have to go home. 12. If I had not expected my friend to come, I should (could) have gone to the cinema with you. 13. If mathematics were not his favourite subject and he did not work a lot at it, he would not always get top marks. 14. If I had had a dictionary, I should have translated the article yesterday. 15. If the night had not been pitch-dark, we should not have lost our way. 16. If the box had not been so heavy, (I could have carried it and) I should not have taken a taxi.

Exercise 5. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся фор­му сослагательного наклонения после «I wish».

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Phil­harmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive. 6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Span­ish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday’s party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don’t you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortu­nate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Answers: 1. I had. 2. I had consulted. 3. It were. 4. I had not lent. 5. You sent. 6. I did not have. 7. You had gone. 8. I knew. 9. I had not drunk. 10. You read. 11. I had never suggested. 12. I had been. 13. We met. 14. You had seen. 15. They did not see. 16. He had not forgotten.

Exercise 6. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, упо­требляя «I wish».

E.g. It’s a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christ­mas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the exam. 3. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don’t know enough physics.

Answers: 1.I wish they returned before Christmas. 2. The student wished he had studied the material better and shown better knowledge at the exam. 3. I wish you had sent for us last night. 4. I wish you were with us these days. 5. My friend wishes he had entered the university. 6. He wished he had had enough time to finish his paper. 7. I wish we were able to reach home before teatime. 8. I wish I had not made you upset by telling you this news. 9. I wish you knew enough physics.

Exercise 7. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

  • 1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный,
  • б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.
  • 2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета,
  • б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.
  • 3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно,
  • б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.
  • 4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.
  • б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.
  • 5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
  • б)К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Answers: 1.a) I wish he were not so light-minded. б) I wish he were more serious. 2. a) Now I wish I had listened to his advice (had followed his advice). b) Now I wish I had not followed his advice. 3. a) I wish you had not come so late. б) I wish you had come earlier. 4. a) I wish we had not gone before he came. б) I wish we had waited till he came. 5. a) I wish they knew it already. b) I wish they did not know about it.

Exercise 8. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя «I wish».

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были ка­никулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером! 4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета. 5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пик­нике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет. 7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты. 8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы на­писали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не об­ратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она де­лает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не зас­тали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рас­сказала нам эту историю раньше.

Answers: 1. Oh, how I wish you had told her about it last Sunday! 2. I wish we had holidays now. 3. Oh, I wish he came tonight! 4. We wished we had asked his advice. 5. I wish you had not refused to take part in the picnic. 6. I wish you were interested in this subject. 7. We wish you mentioned these facts. 8. I wish we had not missed the train. 9. I wish you had turned on the TV earlier. 10. I wish I were free now! 11. I wish I had had more time yesterday. 12. I wish you wrote her about it yourself. 13. I wish you had paid attention to his warning. 14. He wished he had not left the university. 15. I wish it were not too late to go there. 16. Oh, how I wish I had come to the railway station on time! 17. I wish you had read this wonderful book. 18. I wish she did not make so many mistakes in her speech. 19. I wish you had visited the exhibition. 20. I wish I had learned about it earlier. 21. I wish we had found Nick at home. 22. She wished she had told us this story before.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи употребления времен в условных предложениях II и III типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (II тип), а следствие - к прошедшему (III тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (III тип), а следствие - к настоящему (II тип).

Exercise 9. Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a tooth­ache. If … 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled. If … 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If … 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress re­hearsal. If … 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If … 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If … 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If … 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If … 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to un­derstand this difficult material. If … 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If … 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If … 12. She won’t try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If …

Answers: 1. If I did not have a toothache, I should not go to the dentist. 2. If he had gone to the dentist to have his tooth filled, he would not be groaning with pain now. 3. If she needed some treatment, she would go to the polyclinic. 4. If he had not been present at the dress rehearsal, he would go to see the play. 5. If he were not fond of this famous singer, he would not have gone to Moscow specially to hear him. 6. If we had been thirsty, we should have gone to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade. 7. If she had had a needle, she would (could) have mended her dress herself. 8. If he had trained enough last year, he would be a first-class sportsman now. 9. If the pupils had not wanted to understand this difficult material, they would not have been so active. 10. If the pupils had been more attentive, they would have understood the homework. 11. If the pupils had not worked hard, they would not have done well in their exams. 12. If she were good at foreign languages, she would try to enter the foreign languages department.

Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встрети­ли, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на ва­шем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстро­ит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне по­могли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень бла­годарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в го­лову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сдела­ли работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свобод­ны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спор­тивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успе­ха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль, что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был ум­нее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечатель­ный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Answers: 1. He has changed so much! If you met him, you would not recognize him. 2. If I were you, I should consult my parents. 3. If a tram came now, we should not be late. 4. If he had known that this would upset you, he would have been more careful. 5. If you helped me to solve this problem, I should be very grateful to you. 6. I wish it had occurred to us before to look for the book in the library. We should have done the work in time and now we should be free, 7. I wish we had had more lessons. If we had worked more, we should know the language better. 8. If he had not attended sports trainings regularly, he would not have achieved such success in the competitions. 9. If you had warned me before, I should already be in Moscow. 10. I wish she had not gone. If you had called before, she would be here now. 11. If he were cleverer, he would not have gone to the wood yesterday. 12. If she had not sent this letter yesterday, my brother would be at home now. 13. What should we be doing now if mother had not baked a pie yesterday? 14. I wish you had heard Rakhmaninov’s music. If you had heard it, you would know what a wonderful composer he was. 15. I am sure that everybody would be glad if the party took place.

Хотя , пока будем формально считать, что время глагола, которое называется Future Simple Tense, является основным для выражения будущего времени в английском языке. Кстати, в сложных предложениях времени и условия в английском языке, о которых пойдет речь в этом уроке, используется именно Future Simple Tense.

  1. Что такое придаточные предложения времени и условия?

Могут относиться к настоящему и будущему времени (реальные условия), а также бы нереальными. В этом уроке речь пойдет о сложных предложениях, которые относятся к будущему времени , типа

Если погода будет хорошая, я пойду гулять.

Такие предложения в английском языке называются условными предложениями ПЕРВОГО ТИПА (First Conditionals). Другое название — When and If Sentences / First Conditional and Time Clauses.

Обратите внимание, что в примере на русском языке в обеих частях : в первой части (придаточной) и во второй части (главной), употребляется будущее время.

Однако в английском языке работает ПРАВИЛО: после IF/ WHEN — нет будущего.

Оно означает, что в придаточном предложении вместо Future Simple, нужно употреблять Present Simple.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Вместо союза ЕСЛИ может стоять любой другой союз времени или условия.

Теперь настало время познакомиться с союзами времени и условия.

2. Союзы времени и условия в английском языке

Если вы начинающий, то запомните два главных союза if (если) и when (когда).

  • I will stay if she comes. — Я останусь, если она придет.
  • I will leave when he comes. — Я уйду, когда он придет.

А. Условные союзы в английском языке:

  1. if — если
  2. unless — если не
  3. on condition that — при условии что
  1. I will stay if she comes. — Я останусь, если она придет.
  2. I will stay providing she comes. — Я останусь при условии, если только она придет.
  3. I won’t stay unless she comes. — Я не останусь, если она не придет.

Обратите внимание, что в английских условных предложениях запятая отсутствует.

В. Союзы времени в английском языке

  1. when — когда
  2. as soon as — как только
  3. till (until) — до тех пор пока (не)
  4. before — раньше, до того как
  5. after — после
  1. I will leave when he comes. — Я уйду, когда он придет.
  2. I will leave as soon as he comes. — Я уйду, как только он придет.
  3. I won’t leave till he comes. — Я не уйду, пока он не придет.
  4. I had left before he came. — Я ушел до того, как он пришел.
  5. I left after he had come. — Я ушел после того, как он пришел.

Итак, подведем итоги этой темы и сформулируем еще раз основное ПРАВИЛО.

В придаточных предложениях, относящихся к будущему, после союзов when и if и других вместо будущего времени (Future Simple), надо употреблять наcтоящее (Present Simple). Такие предложения в английском языке называются First Conditional and Time Clauses.

Для самопроверки выберите правильный вариант.

Я надеюсь, что вы внимательно прочитали правило, примеры и перевод. Если же ваше мнение отличается от мнения БОЛЬШИНСТВА, то вернитесь к началу урока. А мы переходим к упражнениям.

3. Придаточные предложения времени и условия в английском языке. Упражнения на First Conditionals

ВНИМАНИЕ! Данные предложения не являются условными. В них правило не работает!
I’d like to know when Dan will be back . – Я хотела бы знать, когда вернется Дэн.
I don’t know if she will come home. – Я не знаю, вернется ли она домой.

Упражнение (вводное).

1. I wonder if he (laugh) all day.
2. She will buy a new bag when she (arrive) to London.
3. I will stay here till he (come).
4. Tell him about it if he (want).
5. I wonder when somebody (come and tell) her what to do.
6. Do you know if your uncle (come back) from his trip tomorrow?
7. Don’t tell her about it before she (ask).
8. I will know all about it when I (get) a letter from her.
9. She will catch bad cold unless she (go and change) her wet shoes.
10. I wonder when you (be ready) and if you (be on time).
11. I am not sure when she (return).
12. Will you wait until he (come)?
13. Please, book a return ticket if you (get) to New York.
14. I shall cut some sandwiches in case they (be) hungry.

Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски союзами when или if.

Выполните упражнение, если вы путаете союзы when и if.

1. … I go home tonight, I’ll have a bath.
2. … there is a good programme on TV, I’ll watch it.
3. … there’s nothing in the fridge, we’ll eat out.
4. We’ll go skiing next winter … we have enough money.
5. … it’s a nice day tomorrow, we’ll go swimming.
6. I’m coming to London tomorrow. I’ll phone you … I arrive.
7. We’re thinking of going to Spain for our holidays. … we decide to go, I’ll let you know.

Упражнение 2 . Вставьте вместо точек when или if.

Похожее упражнение, но во второй части иногда встречается повелительное наклонение.


1. … you can’t do your homework, ask for help.
2. I’ll give the money back to you, … I see you next time.
3. I’ll come to bed … this programme ends.
4. … anyone phones me, tell them I’m out.
5. Come on! … we hurry, we’ll catch the bus!
6. … I play tennis with Justin, he always wins.
7. The shops are full of things to buy … Christmas comes.
8. «I’ve lost my bag.» - «… I find it, I’ll let you know.»

Упражнение 3 . Составьте сложное предложение из двух простых, используя союзы, данные в скобках. Примените правило 1.

ОБРАЗЕЦ: I’ll wait here. You’ll get back. (until ) — I’ll wait here until you get back.

1. Give me a ring. You’ll hear some news. (when)
2. The TV programme will end. I’ll do my homework. (after)
3. I’ll go to work. I’ll have a bath. (before)
4. She’ll be in Paris. She’ll visit friends. (when)
5. The lesson will end. I’ll go home. (as soon as)
6. I won’t leave the house. The postman will call. (until)
7. Can you feed the cats? I’ll be away, (when)
8. I’ll tell you about the holiday. I’ll get back. (when)
9. I’ll study English. I’ll speak it perfectly. (until)

Упражнение 4 . Ваш друг уезжает на каникулы. Задайте ему вопросы о его поездке.

ОБРАЗЕЦ: What/do/miss/plane? — What will you do if you miss the plane?

1. What/do/plane/be delayed?
2. Where/stay/hotels/be full?
3. Who/talk to/not make any friends?
4. What/do/not like the food?
5. Where/go/beaches/be crowded?
6. What/do/get sunburnt?

Упражнение 5 . Раскройте скобки, правильно употребив времена Future Simple и Present Simple.

ОБРАЗЕЦ. When I (see) Tom tomorrow, I (invite) him to our party. — When I see Tom tomorrow, I will invite him to our party.

1. Before you (leave), don’t forget to shut the windows. 2. I (phone) you as soon as I (arrive) in London. 3. Please don’t touch anything before the police (come). 4. Everyone (be) very surprised if he (pass) the exams. 5. When you (see) Brian again, you (not/ recognize) him. 6. We (not/start) dinner until Jack (arrive). 7. (you/ feel) lonely without me while I (be) away? 8. If I (need) any help, I (ask) you. 9. Come on! Hurry up! Ann (be) annoyed if we (be) late.

Упражнение 6. Объедините два предложения в одно по образцу. Используй союзы времени или условия по смыслу.

ОБРАЗЕЦ. You are going to leave soon. You must visit the doctor before that. — You must visit the doctor before you leave.

1. I’ll find somewhere to live. Then I’ll give you my address.
2. It’s going to start raining. Let’s go out before that.
3. I’m going to do the shopping. Then I’ll come home straight.
4. You’ll be in London next month. You must come and see me then.
5. I’m going to finish reading this book. Then I’ll get the dinner ready. (when)
6. We’ll make our decision. Then we’ll let you know. (as soon as)

Упражнение 7 . Вставьте вместо точек if или when.
1. … I see Tom tomorrow, I’ll invite him to our party.
2. … it rains this evening, I won’t go out.
3. I’ll phone you … I get back.
4. I’m feeling very tired. I think I’ll go straight to bed … I get home.
5. I’ll be very surprised … he doesn’t get the job.

Упражнение 8. Составьте смысловые цепочки предложений по образцу, используя if и will.

ОБРАЗЕЦ. If the earth gets warmer, the sea will get warmer. — If the sea gets warmer, the ice at the North and South Poles will melt. — If the ice …, etc.

1. the earth gets warmer
2. the sea gets warmer
3. the ice at the North and South Poles melts
4. the sea level rises
5. there are floods in many parts of the world

Упражнение 9 . Ваш друг отправляется за границу. Задайте ему вопросы.

ОБРАЗЕЦ: What/do/fall ill? - What will you do if you fall ill?

1. What/do/lose your passport?
2. What/do/not like/the food?
3. Where/go/need to phone your parents?
4. What/do/want/to make friends?
5. What/do/decide to improve your pronunciation?

Упражнение 10 . Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму. Предложения относятся к будущему.

1. If you (eat) another cake, you (be) sick. 2. You (fail) your exam if you (not/study) hard. 3. What you (do) if you (fail)? 4. Our children and grandchildren (suffer) if we (not/look after) our planet. 5. If you (be) late, I (go) without you. 6. If she (pass) her driving test, she (buy) a car. 7. If my neighbours (not/stop) making a noise, I (complain).